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Second-Order Participation in Administrative Law

Public participation has long been a cornerstone of administrative law. Many administrative procedures require participation, and underlying normative theories embrace participation as a way to legitimate the administrative state. It is well...

The Freedom of Speech and Bad Purposes

Can otherwise constitutionally protected speech lose its protection because of the speaker’s supposedly improper purpose? The Supreme Court has sometimes said “no”—but sometimes it has endorsed tests (such as the incitement test) that do turn on a...

Why Race Matters in Physics Class

Introduction The following is an excerpt from the transcript of oral argument in Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin,1 argued before the U.S. Supreme Court on December 9, 2015.  Gregory G. Garre represented the University of Texas. Chief Justice...

The Indignities of Color Blindness

Introduction Imagine an applicant to a public university who is an accomplished pianist, grew up in a rural town in central Texas, and is African American.  Each of these aspects of her background has played a formative role in shaping her identity...